Platinum in PEM Fuel Cells
Why platinum catalysts are used at fuel-cell electrodes.
Platinum in Hydrogen & Fuel Cells
PEM fuel cells, catalyst layers, electrochemical reactions, electrolysis, loading and PGM circularity.
Fuel-Cell Catalyst Layers
How catalyst, ion-conducting material and porous structure form an electrochemical reaction zone.
Platinum & the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Why cathode oxygen reduction is a central platinum-catalyst challenge in PEM fuel cells.
Platinum & Hydrogen Oxidation in Fuel Cells
High-level role of platinum at the hydrogen electrode.
Platinum-Group Metals in PEM Electrolysis
Where PGMs fit into low-temperature electrolyzer systems at a high level.
Platinum Catalysts & Hydrogen Production
Where platinum can appear in catalytic and electrochemical hydrogen-related systems.
Catalysts in Hydrogen Purification
Conceptual catalyst roles in removing or converting trace contaminants from hydrogen streams.
PGM Circularity in Hydrogen Technologies
Recover, refine and return platinum-group metals from fuel-cell and electrolyzer value chains.
Platinum Loading & Catalyst Utilization
Why electrochemical systems aim to obtain more useful performance from less platinum.
Fuel-Cell Catalyst Durability
Particle growth, dissolution, support changes and contamination as lifetime concerns.